Small heterodimer partner

NR0B2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1YUC, 2Q3Y, 2Z4J, 4DOR, 4ONI
Identifiers
Aliases	NR0B2, SHP, SHP1, nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2
External IDs	OMIM: 604630 MGI: 1346344 HomoloGene: 8030 GeneCards: NR0B2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.11 Start 26,911,489 bp[1] End 26,913,975 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 D2.3|4 66.25 cM Start 133,280,687 bp[2] End 133,283,847 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver duodenum jejunal mucosa body of pancreas right adrenal gland left adrenal gland gallbladder body of stomach spleen left ventricle Top expressed in left lobe of liver epithelium of stomach adrenal medulla myocardium of ventricle duodenum morula pyloric antrum cardiac muscles atrioventricular valve endocardial cushion More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein homodimerization activity protein domain specific binding steroid hormone receptor activity protein binding transcription corepressor activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein-containing complex binding transcription factor binding retinoic acid receptor binding peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding retinoid X receptor binding thyroid hormone receptor binding Cellular component nucleoplasm nucleus cytoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process Notch signaling pathway regulation of transcription, DNA-templated cholesterol metabolic process negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II response to glucose negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity negative regulation of gene expression transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of gene expression animal organ regeneration transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of insulin secretion steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway circadian rhythm circadian regulation of gene expression rhythmic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8431 23957 Ensembl ENSG00000131910 ENSMUSG00000037583 UniProt Q15466 Q62227 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021969 NM_011850 RefSeq (protein) NP_068804 NP_035980 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 26.91 – 26.91 Mb Chr 4: 133.28 – 133.28 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The small heterodimer partner (SHP) also known as NR0B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2 gene.^[5] SHP is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.^[6] SHP is unusual for a nuclear receptor in that it lacks a DNA binding domain. Therefore, it is technically neither a transcription factor nor nuclear receptor but nevertheless it is still classified as such due to relatively high sequence homology with other nuclear receptor family members.

Function

The principal role of SHP appears to be repression of other nuclear receptors through association to produce a non-productive heterodimer.^[7] The protein has also been identified as a mediating factor in the metabolic circadian clock ^[8] Research shows that it interacts with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function.^[5]

Structure and ligands

A crystal structure of the LBD-only SHP, generated by co-crystallisation with EID1, has been obtained. Instead binding to the usual AF-2 site, EID1 fills in the place of what is usually helix α1 of an LBD and makes SHP more soluble. The overall structure resembles the apo (ligandless) form of other LBDs. Some synthetic retinoid ligands can bind to SHP's LBD and promote its interaction with LXXLL-containing corepressors using the AF-2 site.^[9]

Interactions

Large and medium scale Y2H experiments as well as text mining of the NR literature have highlighted the important role of SHP in the Nuclear Receptor dimerization network and its relatively highly connected status, compared to other NRs. ^[10]

Small heterodimer partner has been shown to interact with:

References

Further reading

External links

• small+heterodimer+partner+protein at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)