Civil Revolution

Political party in Italy

Politics of Italy
Political parties
Elections

Civil Revolution (Italian: Rivoluzione Civile, RC) was a left-wing coalition of political parties in Italy.

The coalition was headed by Antonio Ingroia, a former anti-mafia prosecutor of Palermo from 1992 to 2012 and then director of a UN investigation into illegal drug trade in Guatemala in 2012.

The foundation of RC was preceded by the manifesto Io ci sto, presented by Ingroia on 21 December in Rome. Among the signatories of this appeal were Franco Battiato, Fiorella Mannoia, Luigi de Magistris, Leoluca Orlando, Milly Moratti, Massimiliano Bruno, Max Paiella, Sabina Guzzanti, Vauro and Enrico Fierro.^[2] The coalition had an anti-corruption platform.^[3]

In the 2013 general election the party obtained 2.2% of the vote, returning no seats in the Italian Parliament.^[3]^[4]

Soon after RC was dissolved on 2 April 2013,^[3] Ingroia launched a new party named Civil Action (Italian: Azione Civile).^[5]

Overview

Civil Revolution was founded on 29 December 2012 in Rome by Ingroia and the following parties:^[6]

	Ideology	Leader
Italy of Values (IdV)	Anti-corruption	Antonio Di Pietro
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)	Communism	Paolo Ferrero
Party of Italian Communists (PdCI)	Communism	Oliviero Diliberto
Federation of the Greens (FdV)	Green politics	Angelo Bonelli
The Network 2018 (LR2018)	Anti-corruption	Leoluca Orlando
Orange Movement (MA)	Anti-corruption	Luigi de Magistris

Subsequently, the following parties and organizations joined RC:

Red Diaries (Agende Rosse - Anti-mafia politics), led by Salvatore Borsellino;^[7]
We Can Change (Cambiare Si Può, CSP - Left-wing appeal), led by Livio Pepino, Marco Revelli and Chiara Sasso;^[8]
Ecologists and Civic Networks (Ecologisti e Reti Civiche - Green coalition), led by Bonelli and Mary Luppino, including:
- Federation of the Greens (Federazione dei Verdi);
- We Have a Dream (Abbiamo un Sogno);
- Ecologist Constituent Assembly (Costituente Ecologista);
- Mayors of Good Administration (Sindaci della Buona Amministrazione);^[9]
New Action Party (Nuovo Partito d'Azione, NPA - Social liberalism), led by Giuseppe Antonio Quartana;^[10]^[11]
Purple People (Popolo Viola - Activism), led by Massimo Malerba.
Party of the South (Partito del Sud - Southernism), led by Beppe De Santis.^[12]

Electoral results

Italian Parliament

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
2013	765,172	2.25	0 / 630	–	Antonio Ingroia

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Leader
Senate
2013	549,987	1.79	0 / 315	–	Antonio Ingroia

Leadership

President: Antonio Ingroia (2012–2013)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Nordsieck, Wolfram (2013). "Italy". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^ "Manifesto Io ci sto". Revoluzione Civile (in Italian). 2012-12-21. Archived from the original on 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tom Lansford (8 April 2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. p. 711. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
^ "Elezioni 2014". eligendo (in Italian). Ministero dell'Interno. Archived from the original on 2014-07-06. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ "Ingroia scioglie "Rivoluzione Civile" e riparte da «Azione Civile". Corriere Della Sera (in Italian). 2013-05-02. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ Cucciniello, Cristina (2013-02-01). "Ingroia, ecco lo Statuto". L'Espresso (in Italian). la Repubblica.it. Retrieved 2014-07-15.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Salvatore Borsellino alla presentazione di Rivoluzione Civile a Palermo" (Video) (in Italian). YouTube. 2013-01-25. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ "INGROIA E CAMBIARE SI PUO': SCELTA NO TAV E SPAZIO ALLA SOCIETA' CIVILE". Cambiare #Sipuò (in Italian). 2013-01-08. Archived from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
^ "ANCHE NOI ECOCIVICI E VERDI EUROPEI CI STIAMO!" (in Italian). Archived from the original on January 26, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
^ "Anche Il Nuovo Partito D'Azione Entra Nella Coalizione 'Rivoluzione Civile'" (in Italian). Orangeforum.forumfree.it. 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ "Tre leader in corsa e 2 outsider, fine sfida Berlusconi-sinistra" (in Italian). TM News. 2013-01-30. Archived from the original on 2014-07-20. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
^ CHI SIAMO

External links

(in Italian) Civil Revolution official website

Communist Refoundation Party

Secretaries

Sergio Garavini (1991–1994)
Fausto Bertinotti (1994–2006)
Franco Giordano (2006–2008)
Paolo Ferrero (2008–2017)
Maurizio Acerbo (2017–present)

General

Italian Communist Party
Proletarian Democracy
Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
Prodi II Cabinet
Eurocommunism
Liberazione
Young Communists
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
Party of the European Left
European United Left–Nordic Green Left

Factions and splits

Current factions	In the 2017 congress, two motions were presented: the majority one led by Paolo Ferrero and the minority one led by Eleonora Forenza.
Former factions	Bertinottiani Refoundation in Movement To the Left with Refoundation
Splintered factions	Movement of Unitarian Communists (1995) Party of Italian Communists (1998) Communist Alternative Party (2006) Communist Project / Communist Workers' Party (2006) Critical Left (2007) Refoundation for the Left / Movement for the Left (2009) The Ernesto (2011) / Italian Communist Party (2016) Countercurrent (2013) HammerSickle / Left Class Revolution (2016) Being Communists (2016)

Alliances

Alliance of Progressives (1994)
The Union (2005–2007)
The Left – The Rainbow (2007–2008)
Anticapitalist and Communist List (2008–2009)
Federation of the Left (2008–2012)
Civil Revolution (2012–2013)
The Other Europe (2014)
Power to the People (2017–2018)
The Left (2019–present)

v t e Historical political parties in Italy
Communist	Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984) Italian Communist Party (1921–1991) Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991) Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
Democratic socialist	Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893) Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892) Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972) Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998) Democratic Left (2007–2010) Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
Social-democratic	Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) Action Party (1929–1947) Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951) Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998) Democrats of the Left (1998–2007) Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) Article One (2017–2023)
Green	Rainbow Greens (1989–1990) Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990) Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
Radical and social-liberal	Action Party (1853–1867) Italian Radical Party (1904–1922) Democratic Party (1913–1919) Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919) Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926) Social Democracy (1922–1926) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Republican Democratic Concentration (1946) Radical Party (1955–1989) Democratic Alliance (1993–1997) The Network (1991–1999)
Centrist and liberal	Liberal Union (1913–1922) Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999) Union for the Republic Italian Renewal (1996–2002) The Democrats (1999–2002) Segni Pact (1993–2003) Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007) Civic Choice (2013–2019) Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
Regionalist and federalist	Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951) Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996) Federalist Italian League (1995–1996) Great South (2011–2013)
Christian-democratic	Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919) Conservative Catholics (1913–1919) Italian People's Party (1919–1926) Christian Democracy (1943–1994) Italian People's Party (1994–2002) Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998) Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002) United Christian Democrats (1995–2002) European Democracy (2001–2002) Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009) Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
Liberal-conservative	Economic Party (1919–1924) National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954) Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994) Forza Italia (1994–2009) The People of Freedom (2009–2013) Future and Freedom (2010–2014) New Centre-Right (2013–2017) Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017) Direction Italy (2017–2019) Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
National-conservative	Common Man's Front (1946–1949) Monarchist National Party (1946–1959) People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959) Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972) National Democracy (1977–1979) National Alliance (1995–2009)
Nationalist	Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) Combatants' Party (1919–1923) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945) Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
List of political parties in Italy 19th-century Italian political groups Early 20th-century Italian political parties 1950s–1990s Italian political parties Current Italian political parties