Segni Pact
Political party in Italy
- Politics of Italy
- Political parties
- Elections
The Segni Pact (Italian: Patto Segni), officially called Pact of National Rebirth (Patto di Rinascita Nazionale), was a Christian-democratic,[2] centrist[3] and liberal political party in Italy. The party was founded and named after Mario Segni, a former member of the Christian Democrats who was a prominent promoter of referendums.[4]
History
The party was founded in 1993 by the Populars for Reform, a split from Christian Democracy (DC) in 1992[5] whose basic goal was electoral reform from proportional representation to plurality voting, and splinters from the Democratic Alliance (AD).
The party contested the 1994 general election with DC successor the Italian People's Party (PPI) in the Pact for Italy coalition,[6] with the Pact leader Mario Segni designated as "candidate for Prime Minister".[5] The Pact for Italy included in its lists Republicans (Giorgio La Malfa, Alberto Zorzoli, Vittorio Dotti, Danilo Poggiolini and Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini), Liberals (Valerio Zanone, Pietro Milio and Luigi Compagna), Socialists (Giuliano Amato, Giulio Tremonti and Claudio Nicolini), Democratic Socialists (Enrico Ferri and Gian Franco Schietroma), and several former Christian Democrats (Mario Segni himself, Diego Masi, Gianni Rivera, Alberto Michelini, Enrico Indelli, Elisabetta Gardini, Michele Cossa, Livio Filippi, Vincenzo Viola, etc.).
The party obtained 4.7% of the vote and 13 deputies.[7] However soon after the election suffered several splits. The group around Michelini and Tremonti, for instance, founded the Liberal Democratic Foundation and decided to support the Berlusconi I Cabinet (Tremonti even became minister of Finances) and would later join Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI).
In the 1995 regional elections, the Segni Pact formed an electoral list named Pact of Democrats, along with the Italian Socialists and AD.[5]
In 1995 the party and PPI joined the centre-left coalition, with the Pact contesting the 1996 general election as part of Italian Renewal,[5] winning eight seats at the Chamber of Deputies (Masi, Giuseppe Bicocchi, Elisa Pozza Tasca, Gianni Rivera, Antonino Mangiacavallo, Gianantonio Mazzocchin, Bonaventura Lamacchia, Paolo Manca) and one seat at the Senate of the Republic (Mazzuca Poggiolini).
In 1999, after having contributed to the foundation of the Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR), the Pact attracted some former Radicals from FI (Marco Taradash, Giuseppe Calderisi, etc.), but at the same time several members (Pozza Tasca, Poggiolini, Mazzuca Poggiolini, Filippi, Viola, etc.) left to join The Democrats. In the 1999 European Parliament election the party formed a joint list with National Alliance which received 10.3% of the vote, and Segni was re-elected MEP.[8]
The Pact decided not to present lists for the 2001 general election, but Cossa, member of the Sardinian Reformers, the regional section of the party in Sardinia, was elected deputy in a single-seat constituency of Cagliari for the House of Freedoms centre-right coalition.
In 2003 the party was finally transformed into the Pact of Liberal Democrats (also known as the Segni-Scognamiglio Pact).
Electoral results
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 1,811,814 (7th) | 4.68 | 13 / 630 | – | |
| 1996 | into RI | – | 8 / 630 |  5 | |
| 2001 | into CdL | – | 1 / 630 | 4 | |
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | into PpI | – | 0 / 315 | – | |
| 1996 | into RI | – | 1 / 315 |  1 | |
| 2001 | into CdL | – | 0 / 315 | 1 | |
European Parliament
| European Parliament | |||||
| Election year | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | 1,073,424 (7th) | 3.26 | 3 / 81 | – | |
| 1999 | 3,194,661 (3rd)[a] | 10.30 | 1 / 81 | 2 | |
- ^ In a joint list with National Alliance.
References
- ^ Ferdinand Muller-Rommel; Thomas Poguntke (2013). Green Parties in National Governments. Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-135-28826-6.
- ^ Nicolò Conti; Maurizio Cotta; Pedro Tavares de Almeida, eds. (2014). Perspectives of National Elites on European Citizenship: A South European View. Taylor & Francis. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-317-99575-3.
- ^ Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti, eds. (2007). "Appendix 2". Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.
- ^ Luciano Bardi (2009). "Electoral Change and its Impact on the Party System in Italy". In Martin Bull; Martin Rhodes (eds.). Italy - A Contested Polity. Routledge. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-317-96809-2.
- ^ a b c d André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.
- ^ Roberto Biorcio (2002). "Italy". In Ferdinand Muller-Rommel; Thomas Poguntke (eds.). Green Parties in National Governments. Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-135-28826-6.
- ^ Luciano Bardi (2009). "Electoral Change and its Impact on the Party System in Italy". In Martin Bull; Martin Rhodes (eds.). Italy - A Contested Polity. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-317-96809-2.
- ^ Mark Gilbert; Gianfranco Pasquino (2000). Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition. Berghahn Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-57181-840-9.
- v
- t
- e
Historical political parties in Italy- Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984)
- Italian Communist Party (1921–1991)
- Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991)
- Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
- Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893)
- Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892)
- Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972)
- Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998)
- Democratic Left (2007–2010)
- Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926)
- Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930)
- Action Party (1929–1947)
- Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951)
- Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969)
- Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994)
- Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998)
- Democrats of the Left (1998–2007)
- Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007)
- Article One (2017–2023)
- Rainbow Greens (1989–1990)
- Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990)
- Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
- Action Party (1853–1867)
- Italian Radical Party (1904–1922)
- Democratic Party (1913–1919)
- Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919)
- Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926)
- Social Democracy (1922–1926)
- Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948)
- Republican Democratic Concentration (1946)
- Radical Party (1955–1989)
- Democratic Alliance (1993–1997)
- The Network (1991–1999)
- Liberal Union (1913–1922)
- Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999)
- Union for the Republic
- Italian Renewal (1996–2002)
- The Democrats (1999–2002)
- Segni Pact (1993–2003)
- Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007)
- Civic Choice (2013–2019)
- Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
- Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951)
- Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996)
- Federalist Italian League (1995–1996)
- Great South (2011–2013)
- Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919)
- Conservative Catholics (1913–1919)
- Italian People's Party (1919–1926)
- Christian Democracy (1943–1994)
- Italian People's Party (1994–2002)
- Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998)
- Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002)
- United Christian Democrats (1995–2002)
- European Democracy (2001–2002)
- Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009)
- Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
- Economic Party (1919–1924)
- National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954)
- Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994)
- Forza Italia (1994–2009)
- The People of Freedom (2009–2013)
- Future and Freedom (2010–2014)
- New Centre-Right (2013–2017)
- Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
- Direction Italy (2017–2019)
- Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
- Common Man's Front (1946–1949)
- Monarchist National Party (1946–1959)
- People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959)
- Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972)
- National Democracy (1977–1979)
- National Alliance (1995–2009)
- Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923)
- Combatants' Party (1919–1923)
- National Fascist Party (1921–1943)
- Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945)
- Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
- List of political parties in Italy
- 19th-century Italian political groups
- Early 20th-century Italian political parties
- 1950s–1990s Italian political parties
- Current Italian political parties
