Visa requirements for Thai citizens

Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states.

As of 2024, Thai citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 82 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.^[1]

Thailand is also a part of ASEAN and has visa-free access to these countries and vice versa.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements

Country	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan	Visa required[2]
Albania	Visa not required[3][4]	90 days
Algeria	Visa required[5]
Andorra	Visa required[6]		There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple entry visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
Angola	Visa required[7]
Antigua and Barbuda	eVisa[8][9]
Argentina	Visa not required[10]	90 days
Armenia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[11][12]	120 days
Australia	Visa required[13][14]		May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).
Austria	Visa required[15]
Azerbaijan	eVisa[16][17]	30 days
Bahamas	eVisa[18]
Bahrain	eVisa / Visa on arrival[19]	14 days
Bangladesh	Visa required[20]
Barbados	Visa not required[21]	90 days
Belarus	Visa required[22]		Visas are issued on arrival at the Minsk International Airport if the support documents were submitted not later than 3 business days before expected date of arrival.[23]
Belgium	Visa required[24]
Belize	Visa required[25]		Free Visitor's Permit on arrival with valid U.S. visa.
Benin	eVisa[26][27]	30 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.
Bhutan	eVisa[28][29]
Bolivia	Online Visa / Visa on arrival[30]	30 days[31]	Fee 135 USD.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Visa required[32]
Botswana	eVisa[33][34]	3 months
Brazil	Visa not required[35]	90 days
Brunei	Visa not required[36]	14 days
Bulgaria	Visa required[37]
Burkina Faso	eVisa[38][39]
Burundi	Visa on arrival[40]	1 month
Cambodia	Visa not required[41]	14 days
Cameroon	eVisa[42][43]
Canada	Visa required[44]		Travellers who have either held a Canadian visa in the last 10 years or who "currently hold a valid United States non-immigrant visa" can now apply for an eTA for up to 6 months instead of a visa when travelling to Canada by air.
Cape Verde	Visa on arrival[45]
Central African Republic	Visa required[46]
Chad	Visa required[47]
Chile	Visa not required[48]	90 days
China	Visa not required[49]	30 days	The duration of stay is 30 days at a time, no more than 90 days within any 180-day period.[50]
Colombia	Online Visa[51][52]		Visa-free for holders of valid visa for Schengen area or the US.[53]
Comoros	Visa on arrival[54]	45 days
Republic of the Congo	Visa required[55]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	eVisa[56][57]	7 days
Costa Rica	Visa required[58]		Visa-free for holders of valid U.S. visa or Canada visa.
Côte d'Ivoire	eVisa[59][60]	3 months	e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
Croatia	Visa required[61]
Cuba	Tourist Card required[62]	90 days	Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
Cyprus	Visa required[63]
Czech Republic	Visa required[64]
Denmark	Visa required[65]
Djibouti	eVisa[66][67]	90 days
Dominica	Visa not required[68]	21 days
Dominican Republic	Visa not required[69]	30 days
Ecuador	Visa not required[70]	90 days
Egypt	Visa required[71]		Transit Without Visa if Holders of onward tickets for a max transit time of 48 hours (up to 2 days), Leaving the airport is permitted for passengers with transit time longer than 6 hours. Passengers with transit time of less than 6 hours may leave the transit area but not the airport.
El Salvador	Visa required[72]
Equatorial Guinea	eVisa[73][74]
Eritrea	Visa required[75]
Estonia	Visa required[76]
Eswatini	Visa required[77]
Ethiopia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[78]	90 days	Visa on arrival is obtainable only at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport.[79] e-Visa holders must arrive via Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. e-Visa is available for 30 or 90 days.[80]
Fiji	Visa not required[81]	120 days
Finland	Visa required[82]
France	Visa required[83]
Gabon	eVisa[84][85]	90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
Gambia	Visa required[86]		An entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.
Georgia	Visa not required[87]	1 year
Germany	Visa required[88]
Ghana	Visa required[89]
Greece	Visa required[90]
Grenada	Visa required[91]
Guatemala	Visa required[92]		No visa required with a valid visa issued by Canada, Mexico, USA or a Schengen Member State for a maximum stay of 90 days.[93]
Guinea	eVisa[94][95]	90 days
Guinea-Bissau	Visa on arrival[96]	90 days
Guyana	Visa required[97]
Haiti	Visa not required[98]	90 days
Honduras	Visa required[99]		No visa required with a valid visa issued by Canada, Mexico, USA or a Schengen Member State for a maximum stay of 90 days.[93]
Hungary	Visa required[100]
Iceland	Visa required[101]
India	eVisa[102]	30 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][103] An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed] Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[104]
Indonesia	Visa not required[105]	30 days
Iran	eVisa[106][107]	30 days
Iraq	Visa required[108]
Ireland	Visa required[109]		Visa waiver for UK 'C' visa holders until October 2016. Entry permitted only if first point of entry to the Common Travel Area is in the UK.[110]
Israel	Visa required[111]		Holders of a confirmation issued by the Israeli Ministry of Interior, traveling in a group of 10 or more can obtain a visa on arrival.
Italy	Visa required[112]
Jamaica	Visa required[113]
Japan	Visa not required[114]	15 days
Jordan	Visa on arrival[115]	90 days
Kazakhstan	Visa not required[116]	30 days
Kenya	Electronic Travel Authorisation[117][118]	90 days	Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. eTA fee is USD 32.50. Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries.
Kiribati	Visa not required[119]	90 days
North Korea	Visa required[120]
South Korea	Electronical Travel Authorization[121][122]	90 days	The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.[123]
Kuwait	Visa required[124]
Kyrgyzstan	Visa not required[125]	30 days
Laos	Visa not required[126]	30 days
Latvia	Visa required[127]
Lebanon	Visa required[128]
Lesotho	eVisa[129][130]
Liberia	Visa required[131]		Pre-arranged visa can be obtained on arrival.
Libya	eVisa[132][133]
Liechtenstein	Visa required[134]
Lithuania	Visa required[135]
Luxembourg	Visa required[136]
Madagascar	Visa on arrival[137]	60 days
Malawi	eVisa / Visa on arrival[138][139]	90 days
Malaysia	Visa not required[140]	30 days
Maldives	Free visa on arrival[141]	30 days
Mali	Visa required[142]
Malta	Visa required[143]
Marshall Islands	Visa on arrival[144]	90 days
Mauritania	Visa on arrival[145]		Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius	Visa on arrival[146]	60 days
Mexico	Visa required[147]		No visa required for holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, Japan, USA, United Kingdom or a Schengen Member State and holders of an APEC Business Travel Card if traveling on business.
Micronesia	Visa not required[148]	30 days
Moldova	eVisa[149][150]		Need invitation letter to apply for e-Visa, except for holders of a residence permit or a valid visa (except Transit Visa) issued by an EU Member State or a state party to the Schengen Agreement.
Monaco	Visa required[151]
Mongolia	Visa not required[152]	30 days
Montenegro	Visa required[153]
Morocco	eVisa[154][155]	30 days
Mozambique	eVisa / Visa on arrival[156][157]	30 days
Myanmar	Visa not required[158]	14 days	Also e-Visa for 28 days.[159] Holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports.
Namibia	Visa on arrival[160]	3 months	Available at Hosea Kutako International Airport.
Nauru	Visa required[161]
Nepal	eVisa / Visa on arrival[162]	90 days[163]
Netherlands	Visa required[164]
New Zealand	Visa required[165]		May transit without visa if transit is through Auckland Airport and for no longer than 24 hours, subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[166] Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[167]
Nicaragua	Visa on arrival[168]	30 days
Niger	Visa required[169]
Nigeria	eVisa[170][171]	90 days
North Macedonia	Visa required[172]
Norway	Visa required[173]
Oman	Visa not required / eVisa[174][175]	14 days / 30 days
Pakistan	ETA / Online Visa[176][177]	30 days / 3 months	Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[178] Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[179] Online Visa eligible.[180]
Palau	Free visa on arrival[181]	30 days
Panama	Visa not required[182]	90 days
Papua New Guinea	eVisa[183][184]	60 days	Available at Gurney Airport (Alotau), Mount Hagen Airport, Port Moresby Airport and Tokua Airport (Rabaul).
Paraguay	Visa required[185]
Peru	Visa not required[186]	183 days
Philippines	Visa not required[187]	30 days
Poland	Visa required[188]
Portugal	Visa required[189]
Qatar	Visa not required[190]	30 days
Romania	Visa required[191]
Russia	Visa not required[192]	30 days
Rwanda	eVisa / Visa on arrival[193]	30 days
Saint Kitts and Nevis	eVisa[194][195]	30 days
Saint Lucia	Visa on arrival[196]	42 days
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Visa not required[197]	1 month
Samoa	Visa not required[198]	90 days
San Marino	Visa required[199]
São Tomé and Príncipe	eVisa[200][201]
Saudi Arabia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[202][203]	90 days	Non-Muslim residents are prohibited from visiting Mecca and its holy sites. Other religious places may also be restricted to Non-Muslim people.
Senegal	Visa on arrival[204]	30 days
Serbia	Visa required[205]		Visa-free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the European Union member states and the United States.
Seychelles	Electronic Border System[206][207]	3 months	Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel. Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles. Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card. Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country.
Sierra Leone	eVisa / Visa on arrival[208][209]	3 months / 30 days
Singapore	Visa not required[210]	30 days
Slovakia	Visa required[211]
Slovenia	Visa required[212]
Solomon Islands	Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[213]	90 days
Somalia	Visa on arrival[214]	30 days	Available at Bosaso Airport, Galcaio Airport and Mogadishu Airport.
South Africa	Visa not required[215]	30 days
South Sudan	eVisa[216][217]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
Spain	Visa required[218]
Sri Lanka	eVisa / Free Visa on arrival[219][220]	60 days / 30 days	On 24 October 2023, Sri Lanka announced that Thai citizens are exempt from paying a fee for visas. This will be a pilot program that lasts until 30 April 2024.[221] The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period.[222] Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): SAARC - USD 35 Non SAARC - USD 75 e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period).
Sudan	Visa required[223]		Registration for a visa is obligatory within 3 days of arrival. It can be completed at entry ports.
Suriname	Visa not required[224][225]	90 days	An entrance fee of USD 25 or EUR 25 must be paid online prior to arrival.[226] Multiple entry e-Visa is also available.[227]
Sweden	Visa required[228]
Switzerland	Visa required[229]
Syria	Visa required[230]
Tajikistan	Visa not required[231]	30 days
Tanzania	eVisa / Visa on arrival[232][233]	90 days
Timor-Leste	Visa on arrival[234]	30 days
Togo	eVisa[235][236]	15 days
Tonga	Visa required[237]
Trinidad and Tobago	Visa required[238]
Tunisia	Visa required[239]
Turkey	Visa not required[240]	30 days
Turkmenistan	Visa required[241]		Transit visa is required.
Tuvalu	Visa on arrival[242]	30 days
Uganda	eVisa[243][244]	3 months
Ukraine	Visa required[245][246]		e-Visa (30 days) is currently suspended.
United Arab Emirates	Visa required[247]		May apply using 'Smart service'.[248]
United Kingdom	Visa required[249]
United States	Visa required[250]
Uruguay	Visa required[251]
Uzbekistan	eVisa[252][253]	30 days	5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[254]
Vanuatu	Visa not required[255]	30 days
Vatican City	Visa required[256]
Venezuela	Visa required[257]
Vietnam	Visa not required[258]	30 days
Yemen	Visa required[259]
Zambia	eVisa / Visa on arrival[260][261]	90 days
Zimbabwe	eVisa[262][263]	3 months

Territories and disputed areas

Visa requirements for Thai citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor to	Visa requirement	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
Abkhazia	Visa required[264]
Mount Athos	Special permit required	Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[265][266]
Crimea	Visa not required	The same rules as for visiting Russia apply.[267]
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months[268]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[269]	Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Faroe Islands	Visa required[270]
Gibraltar	Visa required[271]
Guernsey	Visa required[272]
Isle of Man	Visa required[273]
Jan Mayen	Permit required	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[274] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[275]
Jersey	Visa required[276]
Kosovo	Visa required[277]	Visa is not required for holders of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[278]
Russia	Special authorization required	Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[279]
South Ossetia	Visa not required	Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[280][281]
Transnistria	Visa not required	Registration required after 24h.[282][283]
Africa
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required	Special permit required.[284]
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required	To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[285]
Mayotte	Visa required[286]
Réunion	Visa required[286]
Ascension Island	eVisa[287][288]	3 months within any year period.
Saint Helena	eVisa[289][290]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required	Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[291]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[292][293]
Sudan	Travel permit required	All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur	Travel permit required	Separate travel permit is required.[294]
Asia
Hainan	Visa not required[295]	30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Visa not required for 30 days for traveling on an organized tour in a tourist group of 5 or more people.[296]
Hong Kong	Visa not required[297]	30 days
India PAP/RAP	PAP/RAP required	Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[298][299][300][301][302]
Kazakhstan	Special permission required	Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[303]
Kish Island	Visa not required	Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[304]
Macao	Visa not required[305]	30 days
Maldives	Permission required	With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[306]
North Korea outside Pyongyang	Special permit required	People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
Palestine	Visa not required[307]	Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[308]
Taiwan	Visa not required[309]	14 days (Temporary measure only; valid until 31 July 2024.[310] Also Visitor Visa for Tourism Purposes for 30 days.[311] Visa applications must be done online and submitted to a Taipei Economic and Cultural Office.[312]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required	OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[313][314][315]
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone.
Yemen	Special permission required	Special permission needed for travel outside Sana'a or Aden.[316]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Anguilla	Visa required[317]
Aruba	Visa required[318]	Visa-free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[319]
Bermuda	Visa not required	90 days.
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba	Visa required[320]	Visa-free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[319]
British Virgin Islands	Visa required[321]	Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
Cayman Islands	Visa required[322]	Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[323] Visa-free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[324]
Curacao	Visa required[325]	Visa-free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[319]
French Guiana	Visa required[326]
French West Indies	Visa required	French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[327]
Greenland	Visa required[270]
Montserrat	eVisa[328]	Multiple entry e-Visa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure.
Puerto Rico	Visa required[329]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Visa required[286]
Sint Maarten	Visa required[330]	Visa-free if U.S., U.K., Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[319]
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa required[331]	Visa required as of 1 April 2015.
U.S. Virgin Islands	Visa required[332]
Oceania
American Samoa	Entry permit required[333]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Special authorisation required	Special authorisation required.[334]
Clipperton Island	Special permit required	Special permit required.[335]
Cook Islands	Visa not required[336]	31 days[337]
Lau Province	Special permission required	Special permission required.[338]
French Polynesia	Visa required[339]
Guam	Visa required[340]
New Caledonia	Visa required[286]
Northern Mariana Islands	Visa required[341]
Niue	Visa not required	30 days[342]
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days; visa-free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[343][344][345]
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required	Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[346][347][348][349][350][351][352]
Wallis and Futuna	Visa required[286]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Falkland Islands	Visa required[353]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required	Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[354][355]
Antarctica		Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Bouvet Island, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[356][357][358][359][360][361][362][363][364][365][366][367]

APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:^[368]

Australia2  Brunei2  Chile2  China4  Hong Kong4  Indonesia4  Japan2  Malaysia2  Mexico1

New Zealand2  Papua New Guinea4  Peru2  Philippines4  Russia3  Singapore4  South Korea2  Taiwan2  Vietnam4

_{1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days}

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:^[369]

• No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
• Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
• Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Non-visa restrictions

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.^[370] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year^[371] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.^[372]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.^[373][374]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens^[375][376] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).^[377]

Some countries, such as Japan,^[378] Ireland and the United Kingdom,^[379] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,^[380] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,^[381] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,^[382] Philippines,^[383] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.^[384]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives^[385] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,^[386] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.^[387]

Israeli stamps

Kuwait,^[388] Lebanon,^[389] Libya,^[390] Syria,^[391] and Yemen^[392] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017^[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.^{[citation needed]}

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.^[393]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,^[394][395] Argentina,^[396] Brunei, Cambodia,^[397] China,^[398] Ethiopia,^[399] Ghana, Guinea,^[400] India, Japan,^[401][402] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),^[403] Malaysia upon entry and departure,^[404] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,^[405] Singapore, South Korea,^[406] Taiwan, Thailand,^[407] Uganda,^[408] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),^{[409][410][411]} intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.^[412]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports^[413] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.^[414][415] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.^[416] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.^[417][418]

See also

• Visa policy of Thailand
• Thai passport
• Foreign relations of Thailand

References

Notes

• Visa policy of Thailand
• Thai passport