Tomi Kōra

Japanese politician

Councillor
Academic psychologist

Known forPeace and women's rights activism, second Japanese woman to attain a PhD in psychologyChildrenRumiko KōraAcademic backgroundEducation

Columbia University (PhD 1922)
Barnard College (M 1920)
Japan Women's University (B 1917)

ThesisAn Experimental Study of Hunger in its Relation to Activity (1922)Doctoral advisorEdward ThorndikeOther advisors

John B. Watson
Curt Richter

Influences

Tsuruko Haraguchi^[2]
Rabindranath Tagore^[2]

Academic workDisciplinePsychologyInstitutions

Japan Women's University (Professor)
Kyushu University (Researcher)

Councillor in the Japanese House of CouncillorsIn office
1947–1959Parliamentary group

Democratic Party (1947–1949)

*Ryokufūkai (1949–1959)

Tomi Kōra (Japanese: 高良とみ, Hepburn: Kōra Tomi, July 1, 1896 – January 17, 1993)^[3] was a Japanese psychologist, peace activist, and politician. She published under the name Tomiko Kōra (高良とみ, Kōra Tomiko).

Early life and education

Kōra was born Tomi Wada^[a] on July 1, 1896, in Toyama Prefecture.^[4]^[5]^[3] She graduated from the Japan Women's University in 1917.^[4]^[3] While a student, she attended the funeral of Tsuriko Haraguchi, held at the university. Haraguchi was a psychologist and the first Japanese woman to obtain a PhD; Kōra was reportedly inspired by Haraguchi to continue her advanced studies in psychology.^[3]

Like Haraguchi, she attended Columbia University, earning her master's degree in 1920 and her PhD in 1922.^[4] At Columbia, she collaborated with Curt Richter to conduct her experiments on the effects of hunger.^[5]^[3] Kōra's doctoral dissertation, completed under the supervision of Edward L. Thorndike, was titled An Experimental Study of Hunger in its Relation to Activity.^[5]^[3]^[6] She was the second Japanese woman to obtain a PhD in psychology, after Haraguchi.^[5]

Career

After returning to Japan, Kōra worked as an assistant in a clinical psychiatry laboratory and taught at Kyushu Imperial University. She was promoted to associate professor, but was met with resistance because she was unmarried at the time.^[3] She resigned from the institution in 1927 and took a post at Japan Women's University, where she became a professor.^[3]

Kōra was a member of the Japanese Christian Women's Peace Movement, and travelled to China. There, in January 1932, she met the Chinese writers Lu Xun and Xu Guangping at a bookstore owned by the Japanese Kanzō Uchiyama; shortly after, Lu Xun wrote a poem for her.^[7]

Kōra was elected as a Councillor in the 1947 Japanese House of Councillors election, as a member of the Democratic Party. She switched to the Ryokufūkai party in 1949, and served in the House of Councillors for 12 years.^[6]

In April 1952, Kōra attended the International Economic Conference in Moscow.^[6]^[8] Per a request from the US embassy, the Japanese Foreign Ministry had refused to issue passports to those who wished to travel to the Soviet Union; Kōra got around this restriction by travelling to Moscow through Paris, Copenhagen, and Helsinki. They met with vice-minister of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Trade Lei Rei-min and were invited to Beijing. At the time, the Japanese government did not recognize the legitimacy of the PRC government.^[9] That May, she visited Beijing as a member of the House of Councillors Special Committee for the Repatriation of Overseas Japanese. The visit was a diplomatic breakthrough, resulting in the first PRC–Japan private-sector trade agreement (signed June 1, 1952^[9]) and the resumption of the repatriation of Japanese left in China following the end of World War II.^[10] Both praise and opposition greeted the trade agreement from Japanese legislators.^[9]

Kōra spent four days as a guest at the Women's International Zionist Organization in Israel in April 1960.^[11]

Personal life

In 1929, Kōra married psychiatrist Takehisa Kōra.^[b]^[3]^[12] They had three daughters, including the poet Rumiko Kōra.^[c]^[12] Kōra was a practising Quaker.^[7]

Notes

^ 和田とみ, Wada Tomi
^ 高良武久, Kōra Takehisa
^ 高良留美子, Kōra Rumiko

References

^ "Tomi Kōra" 高良とみ. 歴史が眠る多磨霊園 [Tama Cemetery, where history sleeps] (in Japanese). Retrieved 13 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b Takasuna, Miki (21 May 2020). "The First Generation of Japanese Women Psychologists". Genealogy. 4 (2). MDPI: 61. doi:10.3390/genealogy4020061. ISSN 2313-5778.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ McVeigh, Brian J. (12 January 2017). The history of Japanese psychology: global perspectives, 1875-1950. London. ISBN 978-1-4742-8308-3. OCLC 958497577.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Japanese Psychologists: K-L". A Brief Guide to the History of Japanese Psychology. Oklahoma State Psychology Museum & Resource Center. 2004. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Takasuna, Miki (2012). "History of Psychology in Japan". In Rieber, Robert W. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the History of Psychological Theories. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 570–581. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0463-8_221. ISBN 978-1-4419-0425-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ōizumi, Hiroshi (2003). Nihon shinri gakusha jiten 日本心理学者事典 [Japanese Psychologists Encyclopaedia] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kuresu Shuppan. ISBN 4-87733-171-9. OCLC 52857261.
^ ^a ^b von Kowallis, Jon Eugene (1996). The lyrical Lu Xun: a study of his classical-style verse. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-1511-4. OCLC 32394571.
^ "Japanese Woman at Moscow Parley; Diet Member Went Without Permission While 24 Men Meekly Stayed at Home". New York Times. 8 April 1952. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Shimizu, Sayuri (2001). Creating people of plenty: the United States and Japan's economic alternatives, 1950-1960. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-706-6. OCLC 45375185.
^ Itoh, Mayumi (2010). Japanese war orphans in Manchuria: forgotten victims of World War II (1st ed.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-10636-9. OCLC 688186455.
^ Oron, Yitzhak, ed. (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960. London: George Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
^ ^a ^b 小村大樹. "歴史が眠る多磨霊園 - 高良とみ" (in Japanese). Retrieved 22 November 2019.