Pope Sylvester III
Pope Sylvester III | |
---|---|
Bishop of Rome | |
Church | Catholic Church |
Papacy began | 20 January 1045 |
Papacy ended | 10 March 1045 |
Predecessor | Benedict IX |
Successor | Benedict IX |
Personal details | |
Born | Giovanni dei Crescenzi – Ottaviani c. AD 1000 Rome, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
Died | 1063 (aged 63) Sabina, Papal States, Holy Roman Empire |
Other popes named Sylvester |
Pope Sylvester III (c. 1000 – October 1063), born John in Rome, was Bishop of Rome and hence ruler of the Papal States from 20 January to 10 March 1045.
Background
Christened John, he was born into the powerful Roman patrician family Crescentii. Upon the death of Pope John XIX in October 1032, the papal throne became the subject of dispute between rival factions of nobles. Theophylactus, a youth of about twenty, the son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum, was supported by the nobles of Tusculum. Giovanni de' The nephew and namesake of Pope Benedict VIII, he took the name Benedict IX. The young man was not only unqualified, but led a reportedly dissolute life, and factional strife continued. A revolt in Rome led to Benedict IX being driven from the city in 1044.[1]
Papacy
John, bishop of Sabina, was elected after fierce and protracted infighting, c. 21 January 1045.[2] He took the name Sylvester III. Benedict IX excommunicated him,[3] and in March returned to Rome and expelled Sylvester,[4] who himself returned to Sabina to again take up his office of bishop in that diocese.[5]
Nearly two years later, on 20 December 1046, the Council of Sutri, summoned and presided over by the Emperor Henry III, deprived him of his bishopric and priesthood, and ordered him sent to a monastery for the rest of his life.[6] This sentence was obviously suspended, because he continued to function and was recognized as bishop of Sabina until at least 1062.[7] A successor bishop to the see of Sabina, Hubaldus, is recorded under Pope Alexander II, on October 1063, indicating that John must have died prior to that date.[7]
Though some consider him to have been an antipope, Sylvester III continues to be listed as an official pope (1045) in Vatican lists. A similar situation applies to Pope Gregory VI (1045–1046). Sylvester's pontifical name was used again by Antipope Theodoric because at that time he was not considered a legitimate pontiff.
Notes
- ^ Lynch and Adamo, p. 156.
- ^ Jaffé, p. 523, calculating backward the 49 days of his papacy, from c. 11 March 1045, the date of his expulsion.
- ^ McBrien, p. 172.
- ^ McLaughlin, p. 63.
- ^ Pham, p. 57. Pope VIctor III, "Dialogues" Book III, in: J. P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Tomus CXLIX (Paris), p. 1004: "...alterumque in loco ejus, Joannem videlicet Sabinensem episcopum (non tamen vacua manu) canonica parvipendentes decreta, substituunt; qui tribus non amplius mensibus Romanae usus est cathedrae successione....Urbe cum dedecore pulsus, suum ad episcopatum reversus est."
- ^ Logan, p. 96. Jaffé, p. 524 and 525.
- ^ a b Kelly, p. 144.
References
- Philipp Jaffé (1885). G. Wattenbach (ed.). Regesta pontificum romanorum: ab condita ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII (in Latin). Vol. Tomus I (2nd ed.). Leipzig: Veit. pp. 523–525.
- J.N.D. Kelly and Michael J. Walsh, A Dictionary of Popes, second edition, Oxford University Press, 2010.
- F. Donald Logan, A History of the Church in the Middle Ages, 2nd edition, Routledge, 2013.
- Joseph H. Lynch, and Philip C. Adamo, The Medieval Church, Routledge, 2014. ISBN 9781317563334
- Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, HarperCollins, 2000.
- Megan McLaughlin, Sex, Gender, and Episcopal Authority in an Age of Reform, 1000-1122, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
- John-Peter Pham, Heirs of the Fisherman : Behind the Scenes of Papal Death and Succession, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Catholic Church titles | ||
---|---|---|
Preceded by | Pope 1045 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
- Peter
- Linus
- Anacletus
- Clement I
- Evaristus
- Alexander I
- Sixtus I
- Telesphorus
- Hyginus
- Pius I
- Anicetus
- Soter
- Eleutherius
- Victor I
- Zephyrinus
- Callixtus I
- Urban I
- Pontian
- Anterus
- Fabian
- Cornelius
- Lucius I
- Stephen I
- Sixtus II
- Dionysius
- Felix I
- Eutychian
- Caius
- Marcellinus
- Marcellus I
- Eusebius
- Miltiades
- Sylvester I
- Mark
- Julius I
- Liberius
- Damasus I
- Siricius
- Anastasius I
- Innocent I
- Zosimus
- Boniface I
- Celestine I
- Sixtus III
- Leo I
- Hilarius
- Simplicius
- Felix III
- Gelasius I
- Anastasius II
- Symmachus
- Hormisdas
- John I
- Felix IV
- Boniface II
- John II
- Agapetus I
- Silverius
- Vigilius
- Pelagius I
- John III
- Benedict I
- Pelagius II
- Gregory I
- Sabinian
- Boniface III
- Boniface IV
- Adeodatus I
- Boniface V
- Honorius I
- Severinus
- John IV
- Theodore I
- Martin I
- Eugene I
- Vitalian
- Adeodatus II
- Donus
- Agatho
- Leo II
- Benedict II
- John V
- Conon
- Sergius I
- John VI
- John VII
- Sisinnius
- Constantine
- Gregory II
- Gregory III
- Zachary
- Stephen II
- Paul I
- Stephen III
- Adrian I
- Leo III
- Stephen IV
- Paschal I
- Eugene II
- Valentine
- Gregory IV
- Sergius II
- Leo IV
- Benedict III
- Nicholas I
- Adrian II
- John VIII
- Marinus I
- Adrian III
- Stephen V
- Formosus
- Boniface VI
- Stephen VI
- Romanus
- Theodore II
- John IX
- Benedict IV
- Leo V
- Sergius III
- Anastasius III
- Lando
- John X
- Leo VI
- Stephen VII
- John XI
- Leo VII
- Stephen VIII
- Marinus II
- Agapetus II
- John XII
- Benedict V
- Leo VIII
- John XIII
- Benedict VI
- Benedict VII
- John XIV
- John XV
- Gregory V
- Sylvester II
- John XVII
- John XVIII
- Sergius IV
- Benedict VIII
- John XIX
- Benedict IX
- Sylvester III
- Gregory VI
- Clement II
- Damasus II
- Leo IX
- Victor II
- Stephen IX
- Nicholas II
- Alexander II
- Gregory VII
- Victor III
- Urban II
- Paschal II
- Gelasius II
- Callixtus II
- Honorius II
- Innocent II
- Celestine II
- Lucius II
- Eugene III
- Anastasius IV
- Adrian IV
- Alexander III
- Lucius III
- Urban III
- Gregory VIII
- Clement III
- Celestine III
- Innocent III
- Honorius III
- Gregory IX
- Celestine IV
- Innocent IV
- Alexander IV
- Urban IV
- Clement IV
- Gregory X
- Innocent V
- Adrian V
- John XXI
- Nicholas III
- Martin IV
- Honorius IV
- Nicholas IV
- Celestine V
- Boniface VIII
- Benedict XI
- Clement V
- John XXII
- Benedict XII
- Clement VI
- Innocent VI
- Urban V
- Gregory XI
- Urban VI
- Boniface IX
- Innocent VII
- Gregory XII
- Martin V
- Eugene IV
- Nicholas V
- Callixtus III
- Pius II
- Paul II
- Sixtus IV
- Innocent VIII
- Alexander VI
- Pius III
- Julius II
- Leo X
- Adrian VI
- Clement VII
- Paul III
- Julius III
- Marcellus II
- Paul IV
- Pius IV
- Pius V
- Gregory XIII
- Sixtus V
- Urban VII
- Gregory XIV
- Innocent IX
- Clement VIII
- Leo XI
- Paul V
- Gregory XV
- Urban VIII
- Innocent X
- Alexander VII
- Clement IX
- Clement X
- Innocent XI
- Alexander VIII
- Innocent XII
- Clement XI
- Innocent XIII
- Benedict XIII
- Clement XII
- Benedict XIV
- Clement XIII
- Clement XIV
- Pius VI
- Pius VII
- Leo XII
- Pius VIII
- Gregory XVI
- Pius IX
- Leo XIII
- Pius X
- Benedict XV
- Pius XI
- Pius XII
- John XXIII
- Paul VI
- John Paul I
- John Paul II
- Benedict XVI
- Francis
Antiquity and Early Middle Ages |
|
---|---|
High and Late Middle Ages |
|
Early Modern and Modern Era |
|
- Category
- Catholic Church Portal