Paul II of Constantinople
Paul II of Constantinople | |
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Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople | |
Installed | 1 October 641 |
Term ended | 27 December 653 |
Personal details | |
Denomination | Chalcedonian Christianity |
Paul II (Greek: Παῦλος; died 27 December, 653) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1 October 641 to his death.[1] He assumed regency for Byzantine emperor Constans II after a succession crisis in 641. Stephanos of Clypea (now Kelibia, in Tunisia) appears to have served as secretary/scribe of Patriarch Paulus II of Constantinople (641-653 AD) against the Monothelites, in 646 AD.[2] He was succeeded by Peter of Constantinople.[3]
Paul II was elevated at the accession of the Byzantine emperor Constans II, who succeeded Heraclius, and just shortly before the pontificate of Pope Theodore I. Paul became patriarch at a time when monophysitism was fragmenting the Byzantine Church. At first, he declared his adherence to the Orthodox Christology, then (646–647) accepted the compromise position of monothelitism put forward by his predecessors, Patriarchs Sergius and Pyrrhus. In 648 he backed with his authority the decree of Constans, known as the typos, which simply forbade all further discussion of the Christological question. Then in 649, along with Sergius and Pyrrhus, he was excommunicated and anathematized by the Lateran Synod called by Pope Martin I. This action, coupled with the fact that Martin's elevation had taken place without imperial sanction, resulted in the Emperor's seizing the pope and exiling him to the Chersonesus in 653, the year of Paul's death. Imperial attempts to solve the Monophysite controversy, either by compromise or enforced silence, lost their urgency by the end of Paul's tenure; by that time Arab conquests had overrun the most strongly Monophysitic provinces of the Byzantine Empire. The Monothelite compromise was abjured by the Byzantine Church itself at the Sixth Ecumenical Council (680–681), which declared Paul, among others, heretical.
References
Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity | ||
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Preceded by | Patriarch of Constantinople 641–653 | Succeeded by |
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(Roman period, 38–330 AD)
- Andrew
- Stachys
- Onesimus
- Polycarpus I
- Plutarch
- Sedecion
- Diogenes
- Eleutherius
- Felix
- Polycarpus II
- Athenodorus
- Euzois
- Laurence
- Alypius
- Pertinax
- Olympianus
- Marcus I
- Philadelphus
- Cyriacus I
- Castinus
- Eugenius I
- Titus
- Dometius
- Rufinus
- Probus
- Metrophanes
- Alexander
(Roman period, 330–451 AD)
(Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)
- Anatolius
- Gennadius I
- Acacius
- Fravitta
- Euphemius
- Macedonius II
- Timothy I
- John II
- Epiphanius
- Anthimus I
- Menas
- Eutychius
- John III
- John IV
- Cyriacus II
- Thomas I
- Sergius I
- Pyrrhus
- Paul II
- Peter
- Thomas II
- John V
- Constantine I
- Theodore I
- George I
- Paul III
- Callinicus I
- Cyrus
- John VI
- Germanus I
- Anastasius
- Constantine II
- Nicetas I
- Paul IV
- Tarasius
- Nicephorus I
- Theodotus I
- Antony I
- John VII
- Methodius I
- Ignatios
- Photios I
- Stephen I
- Antony II
- Nicholas I
- Εuthymius I
- Stephen II
- Tryphon
- Theophylact
- Polyeuctus
- Βasil I
- Αntony III
- Nicholas II
- Sisinnius II
- Sergius II
- Eustathius
- Alexius
- Michael I
- Constantine III
- John VIII
- Cosmas I
- Eustratius
- Nicholas III
- John IX
- Leo
- Michael II
- Cosmas II
- Nicholas IV
- Theodotus II
- Neophytus I
- Constantine IV
- Luke
- Michael III
- Chariton
- Theodosius I
- Basil II
- Nicetas II
- Leontius
- Dositheus
- George II
- John X
- Michael IV†
- Theodore II†
- Maximus II†
- Μanuel I†
- Germanus II†
- Methodius II†
- Manuel II†
- Arsenius†
- Nicephorus II†
- Germanus III
- Joseph I
- John XI
- Gregory II
- Athanasius I
- John XII
- Nephon I
- John XIII
- Gerasimus I
- Isaias
- John XIV
- Isidore I
- Callistus I
- Philotheus
- Macarius
- Nilus
- Antony IV
- Callistus II
- Matthew I
- Euthymius II
- Joseph II
- Metrophanes II
- Gregory III
- Athanasius II
(Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)
- Gennadius II
- Isidore II
- Joasaph I
- Sophronius I
- Mark II
- Symeon I
- Dionysius I
- Raphael I
- Maximus III
- Nephon II
- Maximus IV
- Joachim I
- Pachomius I
- Theoleptus I
- Jeremias I
- Joannicius I
- Dionysius II
- Joasaph II
- Metrophanes III
- Jeremias II
- Pachomius II
- Theoleptus II
- Matthew II
- Gabriel I
- Theophanes I
- Meletius I
- Neophytus II
- Raphael II
- Cyril I
- Timothy II
- Gregory IV
- Anthimus II
- Cyril II
- Athanasius III
- Neophytus III
- Parthenius I
- Parthenius II
- Joannicius II
- Cyril III
- Paisius I
- Parthenius III
- Gabriel II
- Parthenius IV
- Dionysius III
- Clement
- Methodius III
- Dionysius IV
- Gerasimus II
- Athanasius IV
- James
- Callinicus II
- Neophytus IV
- Gabriel III
- Neophytus V
- Cyprianus
- Athanasius V
- Cyril IV
- Cosmas III
- Jeremias III
- (Callinicus III)
- Paisius II
- Seraphim I
- Neophytus VI
- Cyril V
- Callinicus IV (III)
- Seraphim II
- Joannicius III
- Samuel
- Meletius II
- Theodosius II
- Sophronius II
- Gabriel IV
- Procopius
- Neophytus VII
- Gerasimus III
- Gregory V
- Callinicus V (IV)
- Jeremias IV
- Cyril VI
- Eugenius II
- Anthimus III
- Chrysanthus
- Agathangelus
- Constantius I
- Constantius II
- Gregory VI
- Anthimus IV
- Anthimus V
- Germanus IV
- Meletius III
- Anthimus VI
- Cyril VII
- Joachim II
- Sophronius III
- Joachim III
- Joachim IV
- Dionysius V
- Neophytus VIII
- Anthimus VII
- Constantine V
- Germanus V
- Meletius IV
(Turkish period, since 1923 AD)
- † in exile at Nicaea
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