Kott language
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Kott | |
---|---|
Kot, Kottish | |
kottuen | |
Native to | Russia |
Ethnicity | Kott, Asan |
Extinct | early 19th century |
Language family | Dené–Yeniseian?
|
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | zko |
Linguist List | zko.html |
Glottolog | kott1239 |
![]() Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages. |
The Kott (Kot) language (Russian: Коттский язык) is an extinct Yeniseian language that was formerly spoken in central Siberia by the banks of the Mana River, a tributary of the Yenisei river. It became extinct in the 1850s. Kott was closely related to Ket, still spoken farther north along the Yenisei river. Assan, a close relative, is sometimes considered a dialect of Kott.[2]
Geography
Kott was spoken to the southeast of Krasnoyarsk, in the Biryusa and Kan river basins. However, hydronyms indicate a much wider area in the past, ranging from the Uda and Chuna rivers in the east to the Tom in the west.[3]
Etymology
The term kott may be derived from Buryat qota 'town', applied to neighbouring non-pastoral peoples, including the last few Kotts.[4]
Documentation
One of the earliest written records of Kott is in 1791, with the publication of Peter Simon Pallas's Сравнительный словарь всѣхъ языковъ и нарѣчій, по азбучному порядку расположенный, a comparative dictionary of variuos world languages and dialects. In 1858, Matthias Castrén published the grammar and dictionary (Versuch einer jenissei-ostjakischen und kottischen Sprachlehre), which included material on the Kott and Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) languages, recording two different dialects of Kott.[1] There also exists two books written by Heinrich Werner [ru; de] about the Kott language, namely Коттский язык (Kottskij jazyk), which includes a 110-page Russian-Kott glossary,[5] and Abriß der kottischen Grammatik.[2]
Phonology
Vowels
In multisyllabic words, vowel length is phonemic.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i [i] | (ɨ [ɨ])1 | u [u] |
Close-mid | e [e] | o [o] | |
Open-mid | ɛ [ɛ] | ɔ [ɔ] | |
Open | ä [æ] | a [a] |
- [ɨ] is only attested in a few words dated to the 18th century, and can be considered an allophone of [i].[2]
Vajda 2024 gives a different vowel system for Kott, based off of Castrén 1858.[4]
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i [i] | î [iː] | u [u] | û [uː] | ||
Mid | e [e] | ê [eː] | o [o] | ô [oː] | ||
Open | a [a] | â [aː] |
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Laryngeal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Occlusive | voiceless | plain | p [p] | t [t] | tʼ [tʲ] | k [k] | q [q] | ʔ [ʔ] | |
aspirated | pʰ [pʰ] | tʰ [tʰ] | |||||||
voiced | b [b] | d [d] | dʼ [dʲ] | g [g] | G [ɢ] | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] š [ʃ] | x [x] | X [χ] | ħ [ħ] | h [h] | ||
voiced | R [ʀ] | ||||||||
Affricate | voiceless | č [t͡ʃ] | |||||||
voiced | dž [d͡ʒ] | ||||||||
Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | nʼ [nʲ] | ŋ [ŋ] | |||||
Approximant | j [j] | ||||||||
Lateral | l [l] lʼ [lʲ] | ||||||||
Trill | r [r] |
Labial | Dental | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Laryngeal/ Pharyngeal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | plain | p [p] | t [t] | tʼ [tʲ] | k [k] | q [q] | ʔ [ʔ] | |
aspirated | pʰ [pʰ] | tʰ [tʰ] | |||||||
voiced | b [b] | d [d] | dʼ [dʲ] | g [g] | G [ɢ] | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f [f] | s [s] | š [ʃ] | j [j] | x [x] | χ [χ] | h [h] | |
voiced | |||||||||
Affricate | č [t͡ʃ] | ||||||||
Lateral | l [l] | lʼ [lʲ] | |||||||
Trill | r [r] | ||||||||
Nasal | m [m] | n [n] | nʼ [nʲ] | ŋ [ŋ] |
Influence from Turkic
Kott had been influenced by Turkic languages, and had borrowed some words from Turkic languages. For example Kott baktîr- ‘to praise’ comes from Proto-Turkic *paktïr (based on phonetics, likely loaned from Kumandin or Shor), or Kott kolá ‘copper, brass’ comes from Proto-Turkic *kola (of which the source is not phonetically identifiable).[6] At the time of its extinction, it was also loaning words from Russian.
Grammar
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpeg/323px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8.jpeg)
Kott has special end markings to indicate that the noun being described is a hydronym which are -šet/čet.[2][1]
Kott typically uses SVO word order, and is agglutinative.
References
- ^ a b c d Georg, Stefan; Georg, Stefan (2007). Introduction, phonology, morphology. A descriptive grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) / Stefan Georg. Folkestone: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-901903-58-4.
- ^ a b c d e f Werner, Heinrich (1997). Abriß der kottischen Grammatik [Kott Grammar Outline] (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 13. ISBN 3-447-03971-X.
- ^ "КОТТСКИЙ ЯЗЫК • Большая российская энциклопедия - электронная версия". old.bigenc.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
- ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
- ^ a b Verner, G. K. (Г. К. Вернер) (1990). Kottsky yazyk Коттский язык [Kott Language] (in Russian). Rostov-na-Donu: Izdatel'stvo rostovskogo universiteta. ISBN 5-7507-0357-6.
- ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2015). "Some Remarks on Turkic Elements of Mongolic Origin in Yeniseian". Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia. 20 (2): 111–126. doi:10.4467/20843836SE.15.008.2794.
External links
- Kott basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- v
- t
- e
- Kott
- Assan
- Yastin
- Baikot
- Yarin
- Italics indicate extinct languages.
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