Helvig of Holstein
Helvig of Holstein | |
---|---|
Queen Helvig on a seal | |
Queen consort of Sweden | |
Tenure | 1276–1290 |
Coronation | 29 June 1281 |
Born | c. 1259 |
Died | c. 1325 (age c. 65-66) |
Burial | Riddarholm Church |
Spouse | Magnus Ladulås |
Issue | Ingeborg, Queen of Denmark Birger, King of Sweden Eric, Duke of Sudermannia Valdemar, Duke of Finland Richeza Magnusdotter |
House | House of Schauenburg |
Father | Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe |
Mother | Elisabeth of Mecklenburg |
Helvig of Holstein (also known as Hedwig;[1] c. 1259 – c. 1325) was Queen of Sweden as the consort of King Magnus Ladulås. Her parents were Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe (died 1290) and Elisabeth of Mecklenburg (died 1280).
Biography
Helvig's years of birth and death are only approximately known, but she is believed to have been born in early 1260s. Unlike many other medieval brides, she was almost adult when she married King Magnus III in 1276. By marrying Helvig, Magnus prevented his brother Valdemar from obtaining help from Holstein against him. Her father Gerhard I received from an annual salary of 600 marks from Magnus.[2][3]
Many previous ties existed between Magnus' and Helvig's families, as his father Birger Jarl had married Helvig's aunt Matilda of Holstein in 1261, and Magnus' niece Ingeborg had married Helvig's brother Gerhard II in 1275.[3]
Her father was captured during the Folkunge party revolt (Folkungaupproret) by rebellious noblemen in Skara in 1278 and the queen was also targeted. The actions of the rebels were well timed; they coincided with her journey through Sweden. She sought refuge in the convent in the city.[4]
Helvig was crowned Queen of Sweden in the city of Söderköping on 29 June 1281; this is the first confirmed coronation of a queen consort in Sweden.[5] She founded the Franciscan convent (Gråmunkekloster) in Stockholm and several other churches and convents. As a queen, however, she is not very much heard of, despite the fact that she held the position for fourteen years, she lived a discreet life, both as a queen and as a dowager queen. She took a prominent part in processions which accompanied the inauguration of bishops, celebrations of a feast day and the installation of relics, such as the Mass for Saint Erik in 1277.[6]
After the death of her spouse in 1290, Helvig acted as one of the executors of the will of the King, and withdrew to her estate Dåvö in Västmanland, which had been given to her as dower.[7] She is not known to have taken any political role, formal or informal, during or after the reign of her spouse. She was described as a noble, loyal and peace-loving mother figure, tormented by the conflicts between her sons. She acted as a foster mother for her son's future bride, Martha of Denmark, who spent a lot of her childhood in Sweden as the future Queen of Sweden after 1290. In 1302, she was present at the coronation of her son.[citation needed]
The death of Queen Helvig was not recorded in the annals. She was still alive in early 1324 but dead by early 1326.[8]
The tomb of Magnus Ladulås in Riddarholm Church was investigated in 1914–1920 and two female skeletons were found buried with him, and were identified as Queen Helvig and her daughter Richeza. Their skulls were found to be artificially deformed. Queen Helvig had undergone bandaging and deformation as a girl in her native Holstein, where the custom was practised at the time. She also performed it on her daughter, but the custom did not continue after that in Sweden or Denmark.[9]
Name
Her name is found in few contemporary sources. In Erikskrönikan, which was probably written in 1320s, her name is spelled helewigh (in Old Swedish). The name variant with a middle vowel may have been chosen for poetic reasons. In the documents that have survived, her name is consistently written in Latin as Heluighis.[10] In German, her name is usually given as Heilwig, which was also the name of her grandmother Heilwig of Lippe.[11]
In some modern texts, her name is spelled Hedwig or Hedvig.[12][13] This has been attributed to the influence of a namesake (in German), the daughter of Gerhard VI and the mother of Christian I, who came to be known in Swedish as Hedvig of Holstein (Danish: Hedevig).[14]
Issue
On 11 November 1276, at Kalmar castle, Helvig married Magnus Ladulås of Sweden. They had at least three sons and two daughters:[15]
- Ingeborg, born c. 1279. Married King Eric VI of Denmark, Erik Menved.
- Birger, born c. 1280, King of Sweden.
- Eric, born c. 1282, Duke of Södermanland in 1302 and Halland etc. c. 1305. Died of starvation 1318 at Nyköping Castle while imprisoned by his brother, King Birger.
- Valdemar, Duke of Finland in 1302 and Öland 1310. Died of starvation 1318 at Nyköping Castle while imprisoned by his brother King Birger.
- Richeza, abbess of the convent of St. Clara at Stockholm. Died after 1347.
Notes
- ^ Philip Line, Kingship and state formation in Sweden, 1130-1290, BRILL, 2007, 9004155783, p. 390.
- ^ Philip Line, Kingship and state formation in Sweden, 1130-1290, BRILL, 2007, 9004155783, p. 135.
- ^ a b "Helvig Holsteinilainen". Kansallisbiografia. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ Philip Line, p.137
- ^ Philip Line, p. 390
- ^ Philip Line, p. 376
- ^ Philip Line, p. 302
- ^ Hildebrand, Emil (1903). Sveriges historia intill tjugonde seklet. Harvard University. Stockholm. p. 179.
- ^ Folke Henschen (1966). The Human Skull: A Cultural History. Thames & Hudson. p. 82-83.
- ^ Pipping, Rolf (1926). "Kommentar till Erikskrönikan". digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi (in Swedish). pp. 336–337.
- ^ "Gerhard I. v. Holstein". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Vol. 6, Gaál. Berlin: Grasmann. 1964.
- ^ Berg, Per Gustaf; Stålberg, Wilhelmina (1864). Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor.
- ^ Granberg, Per A. (1818). Skandinaviens historia under konungarne of Folkunga-Ätten (in Swedish). Elmén och Granberg.
- ^ "Helvig, drottning". Biographiskt Lexikon öfver namnkunnige Svenska män (in Swedish). Palmblad, Sebell & C. 1864.
- ^ Philip Line,[page needed]
References
- Dick Harrison: Jarlens Sekel, Ordfront Förlag, 2002
- Nordisk Familjebok, Uggleupplagan, band 11, sida 373, Stockholm 1909
- Åke Ohlmarks: Alla Sveriges drottningar (All the queens of Sweden) (Swedish)
- Svenska Familje-Journalen, band XI, årgång 1872, s. 194
Helvig of Holstein Born: 1260 Died: 1324 | ||
Swedish royalty | ||
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Preceded by | Queen consort of Sweden 1276–1290 | Vacant Title next held by Martha of Denmark |
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